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Hair Care Foundations 101
Module 4 — What Breaks Hair
Lesson 7 / 12 · 9 min

Mechanical Breakage and Heat Damage

The way you handle your hair every day can protect it or break it.

Mechanical damage — friction and pulling

Mechanical damage comes from how you handle the strand: combing too hard, combing dry tangled hair, pulling with tight elastics, or rubbing hair against a cotton pillow at night. Each of these chips the cuticle and weakens the strand.

How to avoid it: detangle with your fingers or a wide-tooth comb, starting at the ends and working up, and do it on wet hair with a slippery conditioner. Stop using tight elastics. Sleep on a satin or silk pillowcase, or wrap hair in a satin scarf — this greatly reduces friction.

Heat damage

Flat irons, hot blow-drying, and hot combs can boil the water inside the strand and break down the keratin structure. Once heat breaks the protein, the damage is permanent — the strand does not return to how it was.

How to reduce it: use heat less often. When you do, apply a heat protectant first and keep the temperature as low as possible. Let hair air-dry when you can. Heat is not forbidden — but it should be used with care, not every day.

Key takeaways

  • Detangle wet hair with conditioner, starting at the ends, with a wide-tooth comb.
  • Sleep on satin/silk and avoid tight elastics to reduce mechanical breakage.
  • Heat damage is permanent — use heat less often, with protection, at low temperature.